gps spoofing

GNSS Vulnerabilities at Major U.S. Hubs: LAX and JFK GPS Degradation and NOTAM-Driven Navigation Constraints

NOTAMs at LAX and JFK signal GPS interference and aging DME outages that narrow approach options and expose a critical gap: RNAV-equipped aircraft lose their primary navigation source with no DME fallback if GPS is jammed or spoofed.